What Are The Main Devices Of A Belt Conveyor?

1. Belt

The belt of the belt conveyor is a high-strength rubber belt with a steel wire rope core, composed of a steel wire rope core and a rubber cover. The steel wire rope core and a lining layer act as a skeleton and enhance the longitudinal tensile strength of the belt. The rubber cover has upper and lower covers, which are used to protect the core from mechanical damage and reduce wear.
The commonly used connection methods for belt conveyors include hot tape connection, cold tape connection, and mechanical tape connection.

2. Supporting device:

The function of the support device is to support the weight of the material loaded on the belt, limit the sag of the conveyor belt, and ensure that the conveyor belt operates normally without deviation. The commonly used supporting devices include roller groups composed of rollers and supports. According to their different uses, they can be divided into support roller groups, centering roller groups, and buffer roller groups.

3. Drive device:

The driving device is a device used to drive the movement of the belt and achieve the transportation of materials. It consists of an electric motor, a reducer, a coupling, and a driving drum. The inclined belt conveyor is also equipped with a stop or brake to prevent the conveyor belt from reverse movement under the action of its own weight and material gravity after the electric motor is powered off.
The driving principle of a belt conveyor relies on the frictional force between the driving drum and the conveyor belt to transmit power and make the belt move. In order to prevent the belt from slipping on the drive drum, there must be sufficient friction between the conveyor belt and the drive drum.

If the traction force is insufficient, the following ways can be used to increase the traction force: 1) increase the initial tension; 2) Increase the coefficient of friction; 3) Increase the wrap angle.

4. Tensioning device:

The function of the tensioning device is to provide the belt with an appropriate initial tension to ensure that necessary friction is generated between the belt and the driving drum, and to prevent slipping during the transmission of traction force; Compensation strip elongation during operation; Reduce the shaking during strip movement and the sag between the rollers. The structural forms of tensioning devices mainly include spiral, trolley, vertical heavy hammer, and hydraulic tensioning devices.
The installation position of the tensioning device is usually chosen in areas with lower belt tension (to reduce the required tension). The tensioning stroke is taken between 1% and 5% of the length of the conveyor, with the minimum value for horizontal conveying and the maximum value for inclined conveying.

5. Loading and unloading devices:

The loading device evenly loads materials onto the conveyor belt, preventing the belt from deviating due to uneven force during feeding; Minimize the impact and friction of materials (large blocks) on the conveyor belt as much as possible; Make the material have a certain initial velocity along the direction of movement of the strip to reduce the friction caused by material sliding on the strip. The commonly used loading devices include funnels, guide grooves, and guide plates.

6. Cleaning and braking device:

When conveying sticky and wet materials, some of the materials will still stick to the working surface of the belt after unloading, increasing the movement resistance and accelerating the wear of the belt when it passes through the lower support roller group. In order to remove the material adhering to the surface of the strip after unloading, a spring cleaner is installed near the unloading drum.

 

The spring cleaner uses the elasticity of the spring to keep the rubber scraper tightly attached to the conveyor belt and sweep materials. For damp and sticky materials, a rotating brush can also be used. The brush is made of hard bristles or rubber, and is driven to rotate by the end drum.